Temporal and spatial variations hydrochemical components and driving factors in Baiyangdian Lake in the Northern Plain of China

Tian-lun Zhai; Qian-qian Zhang; Long Wang; Hui-wei Wang

doi:10.26599/JGSE.2024.9280022

Volume 12 Issue 3

Sep. 2024

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Article Navigation > Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering > 2024 > 12(3): 293-308

Zhai TL, Zhang QQ, Wang L, et al. 2024. Temporal and spatial variations hydrochemical components and driving factors in Baiyangdian Lake in the Northern Plain of China. Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 12(3): 293-308 doi: 10.26599/JGSE.2024.9280022

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Temporal and spatial variations hydrochemical components and driving factors in Baiyangdian Lake in the Northern Plain of China

doi: 10.26599/JGSE.2024.9280022

1.
Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China

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Corresponding author: z_qqian@163.com
Received Date: 2023-06-12
Accepted Date: 2024-05-25

Available Online: 2024-08-10

Publish Date: 2024-09-15

Abstract

Abstract

Understanding the temporal and spatial variation of hydrochemical components in large freshwater lakes is crucial for effective management and conversation. In this study, we identify the temporal-spatial characteristics and driving factors of the hydrochemical components in Baiyangdian Lake using geochemical methods (Gibbs diagram, Piper diagram and End-element diagram of ion ratio) and multivariate statistical techniques (Principal component analysis and Correlation analysis). 16 sets of samples were collected from Baiyangdian Lake in May (normal season), July (flood season), and December (dry season) of 2022. Results indicate significant spatial variation in Na⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻ and NO₃⁻ , suggesting a strong influence of human activities. Cation concentrations exhibit greater seasonal variation in the dry season compared to the flood season, while the concentrations of the four anions show inconsistent seasonal changes due to the combined effects of river water chemical composition and human activities. The hydrochemical type of Baiyangdian Lake is primarily HCO₃·Cl-Na·Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and HCO₃⁻ originate mainly from silicate and carbonate rock dissolution, while K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ originate mainly from sewage and salt dissolution in sediments. SO₄²⁻ may mainly stem from industrial wastewater, while NO₃⁻ primarily originates from animal feces and domestic sewage. Through the use of Principal Component Analysis, it is identified that water-rock interaction (silicate and carbonate rocks dissolution, and dissolution of salt in sediments), carbonate sedimentation, sewage, agricultural fertilizer and manure, and nitrification are the main driving factors of the variation of hydrochemical components of Baiyangdian Lake across three hydrological seasons. These findings suggest the need for effective control of substandard domestic sewage discharge, optimization of agricultural fertilization strategies, and proper management of animal manure to comprehensively improve the water environment in Baiyangdian Lake.
- Hydrochemical variation,
- Sources,
- Human activities,
- Water-rock interaction,
- Multivariate statistical techniques.

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References(37)

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